MedTerms Medical Dictionary

Biopsy, endometrial: A procedure for sampling the lining of the uterus (the endometrium).

Endometrial biopsy is done to learn the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (most often), determine the cause of infertility, test for uterine infections, and even monitor the response to certain medications.

The procedure can be done in the doctor's office. There are few risks, the leading being cramping and pain (oral pain medications taken beforehand may help reduce cramping and pain) followed by vaginal bleeding, infection and, very rarely, perforation of the uterus. Endometrial biopsy is a common procedure and a valuable diagnostic technique.

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